Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of congenital anomalies, representing around one-fourth to one-third of all major congenital anomalies. Reported prevalence of CHD varies widely. The difference mostly could be explained by the method of case detection which may detect more patients with simple septal defects from early postnatal echocardiographic evaluation. Besides, with the recent wide-implementation of fetal cardiac diagnosis, the prevalence and spectrum of CHD of live birth may also be modified. The impact from fetal diagnosis depends on the sensitivity if fetal cardiac diagnosis and the rate of pregnancy termination for each type of CHD. From the national database 2000-2006, the incidence of CHD in Taiwan is 13.08 per 1000 live births: 12.05 (simple, 10.53; severe, 1.51) in male infants and 14.21 (simple, 12.90; severe, 1.32) in female infants. The incidence of severe CHD was within the range worldwide. Ventricular septal defect (VSD; 4.0) was the most common defect, followed by secundum atrial septal defect (ASDII; 3.2), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA; 2.0), pulmonary stenosis (PS; 1.2), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; 0.63), coarctation of aorta (CoA; 0.25), transposition of great arteries (TGA; 0.21), endocardial cushion defect (ECD; 0.20), double outlet of right ventricle (DORV; 0.15), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR; 0.11), aortic stenosis (0.09), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS; 0.062), Ebstein anomaly (0.047), and tricuspid atresia (0.046). Female predominance was observed in VSD, ASDII, PDA, and ECD; and male predominance was observed in TGA and TOF. Ratios of western prevalence to our Asian prevalence were high for HLHS (3.68-4.5), CoA (1.13-1.96), TGA (1.09-1.83), and tricuspid atresia (1.09-2.57), but low for PS (0.15-0.99), TOF (0.41-0.92), and possibly ASDII. The medical needs for these CHD patients may also change with the introduction of new transcatheter catheter treatment. For example, the interventional need of ASDII currently is estimated at around 0.69/1000 live births: 0.52/1000 for transcatheter closure and 0.17/1000 for surgery. In the era of transcatheter closure reimbursement (July 2004-December 2014), in ASDII patients, the freedom from ASDII intervention at age 6 years was 0.749. In the era of catheter intervention, one-third of the ASDII patients may have already received intervention, mostly transcatheter closure, at the pediatric ages. The epidemiological data are important for the future policy making for the health care.