Myopia is highly prevalent among schoolchildren in East Asia and Singapore; Taiwanese schoolchildren have the highest prevalence of myopia among all schoolchildren worldwide. Myopia, especially high myopia, may cause daily life inconvenience and ocular complications which lead to permanent visual impairment. Prevention and treatment of myopia is an important public health issue in Taiwan.
　　In this talk, we would like to summarize risk factors associated with myopia development found by recent research, including near work, outdoor activities, education and parental factors. Updated treatment modalities for myopia will also be introduced, includes pharmacological medication and optic correction. Prevention of myopia development and decrease myopia progression requires multidisciplinary participation with cooperation of parents, school, as well as government.